Keep your MN kitchen running smoothly. We’re sharing real-world ServSafe & NEHA Best Practices to help you train staff and ace your next health inspection.

CFPM Exam Study Guide 2

Online Certified Food Protection Manager Exam Study Guide

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Whether you’re taking the certified food protection manager- CFPM exam for the first time, or you’re taking the test after your certification has lapsed, it’s always a good idea to review material and subjects that are sure to be on the test. We’ve compiled this CFPM exam study guide to identify the most important material to review before taking the certified food protection manager exam.

Just to be clear none of the MN Department of Health approved test providers allow instructors to provide actual questions for obvious reasons. It’s also impossible to identify the actual questions because the tests have multiple variations of all the questions. It’s likely the person taking the test right next to you will have a different version than yours.

CFPM Exam Study Guide Topics

CFPM Exam Study Guide 2
Image credit: maridav via 123rf

The certified food protection manager tests are designed to make sure that food service supervisors have the knowledge to keep the food they serve safe and train their staff on how to prevent foodborne illnesses. We can break down study topics to a few categories that should be reviewed before test time:

  • Preventing cross contamination
  • The flow of food
  • Personal hygiene and employee health
  • Time and temperature control
  • Active management controls
  • Facility management and pest prevention
  • Cleaning and sanitation

This list might look a little daunting, but we’ll simply break it down for you so that you can have a clear plan of action while preparing for your exam.

Cross-contamination occurs when bacteria spreads from one food item to another. This generally occurs when raw food touches ready to eat food, fresh product is prepared on surfaces previously used for raw product and raw food is improperly stored over ready-to-eat foods and food cooked at lower temperatures.

The flow of food deals with what happens with products from the second inventory arrives at your facility up until the moment it is served to guests. In order to get a firm grasp on the flow of food, review how to receive, store, prepare, cook, serve and display food products properly.

Personal hygiene consists of hand washing and the rules for working when sick. Always wash your hands after eating, smoking, using the bathroom and handling raw foods. Also, it’s important to note that sick employees should not handle food.

Time and temperature control will be tested extensively. Review proper cooking and holding times and temperatures.

Active management controls refer to your outlined procedures for ensuring food safety. These can be training, education, action plans or any other food safety management tactics employed to keep your establishment in compliance with the Minnesota food code and prevent food borne illness.

Facility management refers to the cleanliness and maintenance of the physical aspects of the building your business operates out of. Food-borne illness comes from other sources than improperly prepared food. Pests, plumbing problems, deteriorating equipment and other issues with your building’s mechanical elements can pose a food safety risk.

Knowing proper cleaning and sanitation methods is also key to passing the food safety certification exams. Make sure you understand which sanitizing solutions and cleaning methods are approved for food service.

Safe Food Training instructors spend the last portion of every class reviewing each one of these points in detail. Students often comment that, “the review at the end was the best part of the class!” Well over 90% of our students pass the exam the first time they take it.

Click proper here to find a class scheduled at a place and time near you.

ServSafe food training for raw chicken

ServSafe Food Training and Washing Raw Proteins

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In April, the CDC tweeted a warning concerning the dangers of washing or rinsing raw chicken. If you’re active on Twitter, you can probably imagine the storm of retweets, comments and controversy this simple tweet caused. This week, we’ll take a look at what ServSafe food training says about this issue.

ServSafe food training for raw chicken
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Washing Chicken and ServSafe Food Training

Perusing the Minnesota food code and ServSafe food training materials, we find no definitive ruling saying that washing raw chicken is prohibited. However, if you feel the need to wash your raw poultry before production, steps must be taken to prevent the spread of bacteria from cross contamination.

First, never wash your chicken, or any other food product, in sinks that are designated for dishwashing. Washing or rinsing raw chicken near dishes creates the potential for contaminated water to splash onto areas where clean may be. You also run the risk of exposing your chicken to dish-washing chemicals.

If this is a regular occurrence in your facility, mandate a designated sink for this purpose. Having a raw protein area will reduce the risks of salmonella or other pathogens from coming into contact with counters, utensils or other food product that will not be cooked to high enough temperatures to kill bacteria.

Finally, thoroughly sanitize sinks and utensils used to rinse raw chicken as soon as possible. Salmonella bacteria will spread and multiply and there will be an increased risk of cross contamination if the preparation area is not taken care of immediately.

These procedures shouldn’t only apply to rinsing raw product. You should take the same precautions when thawing raw chicken and other items that contain bacteria under running water. Bacteria can spread from thawing food just as fast fresh, raw proteins.

The intent of the CDC’s tweet was probably intended for people cooking at home, but it can be a warning to take care even for food service professionals. What causes an isolated food-borne illness at home has the potential to create an outbreak when food is improperly handled on a greater scale.

CFPMs_Touch_screens

CFPMs and Self-Service Touchscreens

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Advances in technology in the restaurant industry offers numerous opportunities for business owners to run their establishment in a more efficient and cost effective manner. Self-service touchscreen kiosks are one of the newest trends for major restaurants, especially fast food chains. A study in the UK, however, shows this new technology is creating major headaches for CFPMs and self-service touchscreens are proving to be a huge contamination risk .

CFPMs and Self-Service Touch Screens
Image credit: Wikimedia- TaiCIWJHai King Tung

CFPMs and Self-Service Touchscreens Contamination Problems

Researchers in Britain tested numerous McDonalds’ self-ordering touchscreens and discovered traces of fecal matter on every single one.

Let’s think about that closely for one second. They didn’t find fecal matter on a few, half or even 90 percent. They found traces of human feces on every single one. The list of specific bacteria found is fairly extensive, but it included the potential for hospital-grade illness from pathogens like Staphylococcus, listeria and Bacillus as well as standard food-borne illness outbreak culprits.

If that isn’t bad enough, the study also looked into the immediate hygiene habits of patrons using the machine. Customers would walk in, get in line and order. There was no sanitizing or washing of hands from the point of entry to the time of order. Many would order, take their seat, wait for their food and begin eating without washing their hands at all. This recipe for disaster should make food safety managers cringe.

With these screens infiltrating the dining rooms and lobbies in many different types of food service establishments, what can we do to keep our customers safe from potential infection?

The key is sanitation. The touch screen must be sanitized at regular intervals. If they’re the table top variety, sanitizing after each guest will remove all traces of bacteria that may have found their way to the surface from previous guests. But, lobby self-ordering systems are much harder to keep an eye on.

In this case, it’s unlikely you can enforce proper hygiene on all of your guests, but you can give them a nudge in the right direction. Attach a sanitizer dispenser to your touchscreen kiosk or have one readily available. We’d recommend having a sanitizer dispenser where the line begins and one at the machine itself. This will promote sanitation before and after ordering. Also, signage directing guests to the nearest washroom will also put the thought into their heads that maybe they should wash their hands before and after ordering.

Do you have touch screens available for your guest to use for ordering convenience?

CFPMs Use Freezing

How CFPMs Use Freezing to Slow Bacteria

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In one of our Certified Food Protection Manager training classes during our recent record breaking cold snap, a student asked “whether CFPMs use freezing or refreezing foods to kill bacteria in meat products and ready-to-eat foods? If we store our product outside in the snow at negative 30 degrees, it should be too cold for bacteria to survive, right?”

CFPMs Use Freezing
Image credit: US Department of Agriculture (Flickr Photostream

Freezing product properly does in fact promote food safety and reduce the risk of food-borne illness, but simply freezing everything potentially increases the risk of food-borne illness and gives a false sense of security as to how safe the food we serve really is.

CFPMs Use Freezing for Food Safety

Before we get into our discussion, it’s important to answer the question, “Does freezing proteins kill bacteria?”

There’s a lot of misinformation out there concerning how germs and bacteria react to sub-zero temperatures, but we learn in online Certified Food Protection Manager training, freezing food does not kill bacteria. Freezing food stops the growth of germs and bacteria, so effective use of your freezer to store product that isn’t intended for immediate use keeps bacteria at bay while preserving food for later use. Cooking meats, ready-to-eat foods and other products to the proper temperatures is the only way to actually kill bacteria. Freezing solidly for at least a week will kill parasites but not bacteria.

So, when can CFPMs use freezing to safely store product?

If you don’t plan on using incoming product soon, freeze it as soon as possible. This will add life to your product, and prevent the slow growth of bacteria. Letting your meats sit under refrigeration for a few days and then deciding you’re not going to use it can pose a bacteria risk, depending on what type of product it is. Fish and seafood have a limited shelf life, so while freezing it will slow the growth of contaminates, it will still contain those harmful bacteria when thawed.

Cooked foods need to be cooled properly before freezing them. Cooked product must be chilled in an ice bath or in small portions. For example, a large, warm pot of soup cannot be simply put into a freezer in a large bucket. Bacteria will grow as the soup sits in the danger zone while freezing and wake up when the soup is eventually thawed. The same goes for cooked roasts and large amounts of meat.

Finally, a caution against freezing thawed product. Product thawed in the microwave or under running water cannot be re-frozen. Food properly thawed under refrigeration may be re-frozen if done so in a reasonable time frame, but we recommend against this as thawing and re-freezing can cause quality issues with your product.

Do you have a regulated method to control freezing and thawing of your product?